Neuromedin u receptor nmur2 and nucleotides encoding it

ABSTRACT

A new neuromedin U receptor, designated NMUR2 has been found, which is involved in modulation of feeding behavior in mammals. Ligands of this receptor are able to modulate eating, and weight gain. Amino acid sequences of the human and rat forms, as well as their nucleic acid sequences are given.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates to new human and rat neuromedin U receptors, designated hNMUR2, and rNMUR2, to nucleic acids encoding them, and to use of them in various assays.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Neuromedin U (NMU) is a neuropeptide that is widely distributed in the gut and central nervous system, particularly in brain regions implicated in the control of feeding behavior. NMU belongs to the broad class of neuropeptides first isolated from porcine spinal cord and later from other species with potent activity on smooth muscle. One orphan receptor designated FM-3 (now NMUR1) was previously identified as a high affinity receptor of NMU, which is the subject of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/092,623 (filed Jul. 13, 1998) and International Patent Application No. PCT/US99/15941 (filed Jul. 13, 1999). NMU, when injected into the rat brain, caused a marked suppression of food intake. Thus it appears that ligands of neuromedin receptors have potential as drugs which modulate feeding and regulate weight. However, it is equally clear that NMUR1 is not the only receptor whose activity is responsible for eating behaviors.

[0003] It would be desirable to further identify and characterize other receptors whose ligands are potential drugs for eating disorders.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0004] One aspect of this invention is a novel human receptor, designated hNMUR2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 2), free from associated proteins. This invention also relates to various functional domains of this receptor, such as the extracellular domain and the intracellular domain, and to hybrid molecules comprising at least one of these sequences. Also part of this invention are nucleic acids which encode this receptor, vectors such as viral vectors, plasmids and the like, which comprise these nucleic acid sequences, and host cells which comprise the vectors. In preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid is DNA, and especially cDNA.

[0005] Another aspect of this invention a method to identify compounds which modulate the feeding activity of a mammal comprising:

[0006] contacting the compound and a NMUR2 receptor; and

[0007] determining if activity of the NMUR2 receptor is modulated.

[0008] Another aspect of this invention is the rat homologue of the human receptor (designated rNMUR2), which is free from associated proteins (SEQ. ID. NO. 6.). This invention also relates to various functional domains of this receptor, such as the extracellular domain and the intracellular domain, and to hybrid molecules comprising at least one of these sequences. Another aspect of this invention is a nucleic acid which encodes the rNMUR2 receptor; in preferred embodiments the nucleic acid is DNA, and is preferably cDNA. Yet another aspect of this invention are vectors, such as plasmids, viral vectors, and the like which comprise a rNMUR2 gene. Still another aspect of this invention are host cells which comprise a vector carrying a rNMUR2 gene.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0009]FIG. 1 is the cDNA sequence of human NMUR2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 1).

[0010]FIG. 2 is the predicted polypeptide sequence of human NMUR2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 2).

[0011]FIG. 3 is the translation of the open reading frame of human NMUR2 (SEQ.ID.NOS. 3 and 4).

[0012]FIG. 4 is the cDNA sequence of rat NMUR2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 5) FIG. 5 is the predicted polypeptide sequence of rat NMUR2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 6).

[0013]FIG. 6 is the translation of the open reading frame of rat NMUR2 (SEQ.ID.NOS. 7 and 8).

[0014]FIG. 7 is the amino acid sequences and alignments of human, rat and porcine neuromedin U (SEQ.ID.NOS. 9, 10, 11, and 12) FIG. 8 shows the alignment of human NMUR2 protein and rat NMR2 protein.

[0015]FIGS. 9A and 9B show functional activation of NMUR2 by NMU. FIG. 9A is NMUR2 in the aequorin assay using HEK293/aeq17 cells transiently transfected with human NMUR2. FIG. 9B is NMUR2 in the FLIPR assay using COS-7 cells transiently transfected with human NMUR2. In the FLIPR assay, total fluorescence was normalized to the maximum amount of fluorescence detected in the presence of the calcium ionophore A23187. (▾) porcine NMU-8; (▪) human NMU-25; (▴) rat NMU-23; (♦) porcine NMU-25. All the assays are shown as the means (±SEM) of triplicate determinations.

[0016]FIGS. 10A and 10B are in situ hybridization analysis of NMUR2 in the rat brain using ³³P-labeled anti-sense oligonucleotide probe specific for rat NMUR2, showing specific expression of NMUR2 in the PVN (paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus), Ep (ependymal layer in the wall of the third ventricle), and CA1 layer of the hippocampus. The signals were completely blocked in the presence of 100-fold molar excess of unlabeled probe.

[0017]FIGS. 11A and 11B are in situ hybridization analysis of NMU in the rat brain. FIG. 11A shows localization of NMU mRNA in coronal brain sections using ³³P-labeled anti-sense oligonucleotide probe specific for the gene encoding NMU. ARC: arcuate nucleus; ME: median eminence. The signals were completely blocked in the presence of 100-fold molar excess of unlabeled probe. FIG. 11B shows a decrease of NMU mRNA in the ventromedial hypothalamic area in rats fasted for 48 hours. Data shown are means (±SEM) of three experiments. *P<0.05, student t test.

[0018] FIGS. 12A-F show the effect of ICV-administrated NMU on food intake and other behaviors in rats. FIG. 12A shows the effect on overnight food intake. Food intake, expressed as percentage of control group, was significantly decreased in rats injected with 3 μg (−38±6%, n=12 per group) and 10 μg (−32±3%, n=12 per group) of NMU (ANOVA, F(3) 8.4, P=0.0002), and in rats injected with the positive control melanocortin agonist MT-II (0.3 μg; t(28)10.2, P<0.01). ** Scheffe post hoc analysis, P<0.01. FIG. 12B shows effect on cumulative feeding duration. Feeding duration was significantly decreased in rats injected with NMU either at 3 μg (−33%) or 10 μg (−39%) or with the positive control MT-II (−71%). FIG. 12C is core temperature change. A transient increase in core temperature was seen in the 3 μg NMU group that started about 40 min. post-dosing and lasted for approximately one hour. FIG. 12D is change in gross motor activity in rats in the fist hour post dosing. Activity was measured for 24 hours after NMU administration and compared to those of the same period of the pre-treatment. Gross motor activity was increased only in the first hour post-dosing and then returned to their pre-treatment levels in rats injected with either 1 or 3 μg of NMU. **, P<0.02. FIG. 12E is taste aversion. NMU at either 3 or 10 μg did not decrease saccharin intake relative to total intake at 24 hours post-dosing in a conditioned taste aversion assay. LiCl, an emetic control, decreased saccharin intake. [t test: t(6) 3.2, **, P=0.02]. FIG. 12F is sodium appetite. NMU at either 3 or 10 μg did not significantly change the total amount of salt intake while LiCl significantly decreased salt intake. [t test: t(4) 5.0, **, P=0.008].

[0019]FIG. 13 shows the various domains of human NMUR2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 2). The seven transmembrane domains (TM 1-7) are underlined. The sequence upstream of TM-1 is an extracellular domain, while sequences downstream of TM-7 is an intracellular domain.

[0020]FIG. 14 shows the various domains of rat NMUR2 (SEQ. ID. NO. 6). The seven transmembrane domains (TM 1-7) are underlined. The sequence upstream of TM-1 is an extracellular domain, while sequences downstream of TM-7 is an intracellular domain.

[0021] As used within the specification and claims the following definitions apply:

[0022] FM-3 (also designated NMUR1) is a previously identified human neuromedin U receptor, subject of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/092,623 (filed Jul. 13, 1998) and International Patent Application No. PCT/US99/15941 (filed Jul. 13, 1999).

[0023] NMUR2 (also designated FM-4) is a second neuromedin U receptor which plays a role in modulating the feeding behavior of a mammal. As used throughout “NMUR2” is not meant to refer to any particular origin of the NMUR2. “hNMUR2” means human NMUR2; “rNMUR2” means rat NMUR2.

[0024] NMU means neuromedin U.

[0025] “Free from associated protein” means that the receptor is not a naturally occurring NMUR2 receptor bound to its natural cell membrane.

[0026] A gene sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of a human orphan receptor was disclosed in WO 99/55732, published Nov. 4, 1999 (assigned to Astra Pharma, Inc.), and hereby incorporated by reference. Based on its structural similarity to the neurotensin receptor, this orphan receptor was designated NLR (neurotensin-like receptor), and it was hypothesized that its ligands would be useful agents for producing anesthesia and analgesia. The receptors of this invention share some gross structural similarity to the NLR receptor—both are the same length, but the human NMUR2 has six amino acids which differ from the NLR receptor: Amino Acid Position NLR NMUR2 271 Leucine Phenylalanine 298 Threonine Serine 315 Leucine Phenylalanine 371 Serine Phenylalanine 383 Leucine Proline 388 Valine Methionine

[0027] These six amino acid differences may contribute to NMR2's different activity. NMUR2 is involved with modulation of feeding behavior rather than anesthesia and analgesia.

[0028] Thus, one aspect of this invention is a method for identifying a compound which modulates feeding activity or weight of a mammal comprising:

[0029] a) contacting a cell comprising NMUR2 with the compound;

[0030] b) determining if the compound modulates NMUR2 activity.

[0031] Preferably the NMUR2 is recombinantly expressed in the cell. It may be introduced into the cell by conventional genetic engineering techniques, such as by conventional vectors including plasmids. Alternatively a cell line may be created which expresses NMUR2 in a non-transient fashion. Any host cell which is convenient may be used in these assays, preferably a human cell when the NMUR2 is the human NMUR2. Examples of suitable cell lines include 293 cells.

[0032] NMUR2 activity modulation can be determined in a number of ways. It may be a qualitative determination, i.e. a “positive” verses “negative” response. Alternately, the modulation can be quantified. Control systems may also be used, such as cells which are either mock-transfected and exposed to the putative ligand, or NMUR2 transfected cells which are exposed to a known negative or positive ligand.

[0033] In general, modulation of a receptor activity may be determined using a transactivation assay. In this assay, a “reporter construct” is introduced into a cell, which expresses either a recombinant receptor, or an endogenous receptor. The reporter construct comprises a reporter gene encoding a protein whose transcription and/or translation is easily measured, including such genes as β-galactosidase, luciferase, aequolorin, CAT, and the like. Upstream is a promoter (either the promoter naturally associated with the reporter gene, or a heterologous promoter) and upstream of the promoter is an activation sequence. When a ligand binds to the receptor, a cascade of intracellular reactions occur, and the result is that a binding protein binds to the activation sequence, activating the promoter, and transcription and translation of the reporter gene occurs. Such assays are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,401,629, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0034] The cell line used in this assay is preferably a mammalian cell line, more preferably a human cell line. In one preferred embodiment the cell line is HEK293/aeq17, a human embryonic kidney cell line which contains an aqueorlin reporter gene. It is described in Button et al 1993 Cell Calcium 14:663-671, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0035] Another assay which is part of this invention is a FLIPR (Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader) assay which monitors changes of intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration in real time. Thus another aspect of this invention is a method of identifying compounds which modulate the feeding behavior of an individual comprising: contacting cells expressing NMUR2 receptors with a compound; and determining changes in intracellular Ca⁺² concentration. In these assays, human, porcine and rat NMU activated NMUR2 with high affinity, and lead to Ca⁺² mobilization.

[0036] Another assay contemplated by this invention is a method of identifying compounds which modulate feeding behavior in an individual by a) contacting the compound and a NMUR2, and determining if binding occurs. In these assays, whole cells expressing the NMUR2 receptor are not necessary. While they can be used, membrane preparations, lysed cells or any other preparation containing receptors will suffice. Binding may be determined by monitoring behavior of a labeled ligand, such as ¹²⁵I-NMU-23 or appropriately labeled compound.

Rat NMUR2

[0037] Another aspect of this invention is the rat homologue of human NMUR2, and nucleic acids encoding this sequence. Rat NMUR2 was isolated using degenerate PCR on rat genomic DNA followed by genomic walking and PCR from rat cDNA. The rat gene was identified in genomic DNA. The open reading frame of rat NMUR2 encodes a protein of 395 amino acids, and is approximately 80% identical to the human NMUR2. The rNMUR2 can be used in assays in the same was as hNMUR2.

[0038] Another aspect of this invention are active fragments of NMUR2. These proteins are G-coupled proteins, exhibiting the classic 7-transmembrane domain structure (see FIGS. 13 and 14). Thus this invention includes active fragments, such as the extracellular domain which contains the binding region, which may, alone be used in binding assays for ligands, or which may be coupled to at least one domain from another receptor, creating a hybrid receptor. Additionally hybrid receptors can be created which utilize the intracellular domain on NMUR2 and at least one other region from a different receptor. Hybrids between the rat/human sequences are also included as part of this invention.

[0039] The following non-limiting Examples are presented to better illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Cloning of human NMUR2

[0040] Genbank sequences were searched for sequences potentially encoding novel G protein-coupled receptors using the FAST_PAN data display tool (Retief, J. et al 1999 Genome Res 9:373-382, which is hereby incorporated by reference).

[0041] The genomic sequence AC008571 (Genbank accession number) contained a putative gene, preliminarily termed FM-4 that is approximately 51% identical to NMUR1 (both of which are hereby incorporated by reference).

[0042] Two primers, FM-4.F1 (5′-GAA ACA GAG CCT CGT ACC A-3′) (SEQ. ID. NO. 13) and FM-4.R1 (AGT CGG ATC CAA TTC AGG TTT TGT TAA AGT GGA) (SEQ. ID. NO. 14) were synthesized and used to amplify the full-length coding sequence of FM-4 from human testis cDNA. The PCR product was cloned into the vector pCRII (Invitrogen, Inc.), sequenced, and subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1(−) (Invitrogen, Inc.). It was subsequently renamed NMUR2.

Example 2 Isolation of rat orthologs of NMUR2

[0043] For the isolation of rat NMUR2, two degenerate primers (forward): 5′-TTC AGC CTG GCN GTN TCN GA-3′ (SEQ. ID. NO. 15) and (reverse): 5′-GCT GAG GAT NGA NGC RAA RCA-3′ (SEQ. ID. NO. 16) were used to carry out PCR reactions on rat genoric DNA. The resulting PCR product was subdloned into pCRII and four independent clones were sequenced. Specific primers were synthesized and used to carry out genomic walking. Sequences corresponding to the start and stop codons of human NMUR2 were identified, and PCR primers flanking the coding sequence were used to amplify the full-length open reading from rat stomach cDNA. The PCR product was cloned into pCRII and sequenced.

Example 3 Generation of NMUR2-Expressing Cells

[0044] The complete coding sequence of hNMUR2 was subcloned into the expression vector pIRESpuromycin (Clontech, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif., USA). The plasmid hFM4/pIRESpuro was then transfected into HEK293/aeq17 cells (Button and Brownstein, 1993, Cell Calcium, 14:663-671) using Lipofectamine-2000 (Gaithersburg, Md., USA) and cells stable expressing hFM-4 were selected as described in Liu et al, 1999 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 266:174-178, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Example 4 Aequorin Functional Assays

[0045] The HEK293/aeq17 cell line was licensed from NIH (Button and Brownstein, 1993, Cell Calcium, 14:663-671). The cells were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Medium (DMEM, GIBCO-BRL, Gaithersburg, Md., USA) +10% fetal bovine serum (heat inactivated), 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 500 μg/ml Geneticin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 100 units/ml penicillin. NMUR2/pIRESpuro plasmid DNA was transiently transfected into HEK293/aeq17 using Lipofectamine-2000 (Gaithersburg, Md., USA) following the conditions suggested by GIBCO-BRL. Twenty four hours after transfection, cells were washed once with DMEM+0.1% fetal bovine serum, and then charged for one hour at 37° C./5% CO₂ in DMEM containing 8 μM coelenterazine cp (Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg., USA) and 30 μM glutathione. The cells were then washed once with Versene (GIBCO-BRL, Gaithersburg, Md., USA), detached using Enzyme-free cell dissociation buffer (GIBCO-BRL, Gaithersburg, Md., USA), diluted into ECB (Ham's F12 nutrient mixture (GIBCO-BRL)+0.3 mM CaCl₂, 25 mM HEPES, pH7.3, 0.1% fetal bovine serum). The cell suspension was centrifuged at 500×g for 5 min. The supernatant was removed, and the pellet was then resuspended in 10 mL ECB. The cell density was determined by counting with a hemacytometer and adjusted to 500,000 cells/ml in ECB.

[0046] Human NMU-25 was custom synthesized by Research Genetics (Huntsville, Ala., USA). Rat NMU-23, porcine NMU-8, and porcine NMU-25 were purchased from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (Belmont, Calif., USA). Results are shown in FIG. 9A.

Example 5 FLIPR Functional Assay

[0047] Cos-7 cells, grown in Dulbecco's Modified Medium (DMEM, GIBCO-BRL, Gaithersburg, Md., USA)+10% fetal bovine serum, were transfected with h NMUR2/pcDNA3.1 using Lipofectamine-2000 (GIBCO-BRL, Gaithersburg, Md., USA). Two days post transfection, the cells were detached and seeded into 96-well plates at approximately 10,000 cells/well. The next day, cells were loaded with Fluo-3 in the presence of 2.5 mM probenicid. After washing, the cells were treated with varying concentrations of NMU. Fluorescence output was measured by a Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR, Molecular Devices, Inc.). Results are shown in FIG. 9B.

Example 6 Expression Analysis

[0048] Quantitative in situ hybridization analysis in the rat brain was carried out described previously (Guan, X. M.,et al,.1998. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 59, 273-279 , which is hereby incorporated by reference). For rNMUR2, the probe used was ³³P-labeled anti-sense oligonucleotides (equal mix of oligo 420: 5′-AGG AAA GGG TAA TTG TGC CAC ATC TCG TAG ATT TCC AGA GGC ATC-3′(SEQ.ID. NO.17) and oligo 421: 5′-CAC AGT CTC GAA GAG GGC TGT CTT GAA GTA GCA TCC CAC AGG C-3′(SEQ. ID. NO.18)). For NMU, the probe used was ³³P-labeled anti-sense oligonucleotide: 5′-TTC TGG TGG TAA TCT TTG AGG CGA TAT TGG CGT ACC TCT GCA AGC-3′(SEQ. ID. NO.19). Results are shown in FIGS. 10A, 10B, 11A and 11B.

Example 7 Animal Studies

[0049] Male rats (Charles River Sprague Dawley) weighing 250-350 g were maintained in a temperature and humidity controlled facility with a 12 hour light/dark cycle (4:00AM lights on). Rats were individually housed in custom designed shoebox cages on wire floors and fed ad libitum with fresh diet provided daily. The shoebox cage had an external, restricted access feeder assembly that allows the animal to place only its head through an opening in the feeder assembly to access a detachable clear plastic food drawer. Attached to the food drawers was an infrared feeding monitor that projects a beam across the drawer above the food (MiniMitter, Inc., Sun River, Oreg.). When the animal broke the infrared beam it caused a switch closure. An oscillator then sent off pulses (one pulse/second) and the total number of pulses indicated the length of time that the beam was broken which corresponds to the length of time spent feeding (recorded as feeding duration).

[0050] Cannulation and ICV administration were performed essentially as described in Murphy et al 1998 Neuropeptides 32:491-497, which is hereby incorporated by reference. After cannulation, rats were allowed to recover a minimum of seven days before injection with test compounds. All test substances were dissolved in artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF). Rats were injected ICV with 1, 3, or 10 μg of rat NMU-23 (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals). Additional rats were injected ICV with either 0.3 or 0.03 μg of MT-II (Peninsula Laboratories) as a positive control for food intake suppression (melanocortin receptor agonist). One group of rats also had a radio transmitter placed in the peritoneal cavity for measurement of core body temperature and gross motor activity (MiniMitter, Inc., Sun River, Oreg.). Another group of ICV-cannulated rats were used in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and sodium appetite (SA) aversion assays.

[0051] In the CTA study, rats were conditioned to two hour daily access to water, with access to water from two bottles for two hours each day for three days. On the fourth day, rats were given 0.15% saccharin for the two hour period instead of water and saccharin consumption measured. Rats were injected NMU-23 (0, 3, or 10 μg, ICV). LiCl was used as a positive control (0.15 M; 2 ml/kg, i.p.). On the fifth day, rats were given saccharin alone for the first hour, then water was added for the remaining 23 hours. Fluid consumption was measured at 1, 2, and 24 hours post injection. Aversion was assessed as a function of drinking preferences.

[0052] In the salt appetite assay, rats were given 0.5 M NaCl salt water to drink for three days along with food and regular water. After three days, two injections of furosemide (5 mg /0.2 ml, s.c.) were given at one hour apart to sodium-deplete the rats. Rats were then returned to salt-free water and given a sodium-deficient diet. Rats actively seek to defend their internal sodium levels. Consequently, when sodium is depleted, they will avidly drink salt solutions unless ill or nauseous. Twenty-four hours following furosemide administration, rats were given NMU (0, 3, or 10 μg, ICV), or LiCl (0.15 M, 2 ml/kg, i.p.) and given water and 0.5 M NaCl to drink. Fluid consumption was measured 1, 2, and 24 hours post dosing.

[0053] Results are shown in FIGS. 12A-F. All rodent studies described were conducted in accord with rules and guidelines of the Merck Research Laboratories Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and the “Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals”[DHHS Publication No. (NIH) 85-23, revised 1985].

1 19 1 1344 DNA Human 1 ggctcagctt gaaacagagc ctcgtaccag gggaggctca ggccttggat tttaatgtca 60 gggatggaaa aacttcagaa tgcttcctgg atctaccagc agaaactaga agatccattc 120 cagaaacacc tgaacagcac cgaggagtat ctggccttcc tctgcggacc tcggcgcagc 180 cacttcttcc tccccgtgtc tgtggtgtat gtgccaattt ttgtggtggg ggtcattggc 240 aatgtcctgg tgtgcctggt gattctgcag caccaggcta tgaagacgcc caccaactac 300 tacctcttca gcctggcggt ctctgacctc ctggtcctgc tccttggaat gcccctggag 360 gtctatgaga tgtggcgcaa ctaccctttc ttgttcgggc ccgtgggctg ctacttcaag 420 acggccctct ttgagaccgt gtgcttcgcc tccatcctca gcatcaccac cgtcagcgtg 480 gagcgctacg tggccatcct acacccgttc cgcgccaaac tgcagagcac ccggcgccgg 540 gccctcagga tcctcggcat cgtctggggc ttctccgtgc tcttctccct gcccaacacc 600 agcatccatg gcatcaagtt ccactacttc cccaatgggt ccctggtccc aggttcggcc 660 acctgtacgg tcatcaagcc catgtggatc tacaatttca tcatccaggt cacctccttc 720 ctattctacc tcctccccat gactgtcatc agtgtcctct actacctcat ggcactcaga 780 ctaaagaaag acaaatctct tgaggcagat gaagggaatg caaatattca aagaccctgc 840 agaaaatcag tcaacaagat gctgtttgtc ttggtcttag tgtttgctat ctgttgggcc 900 ccgttccaca ttgaccgact cttcttcagc tttgtggagg agtggagtga atccctggct 960 gctgtgttca acctcgtcca tgtggtgtca ggtgtcttct tctacctgag ctcagctgtc 1020 aaccccatta tctataacct actgtctcgc cgcttccagg cagcattcca gaatgtgatc 1080 tcttctttcc acaaacagtg gcactcccag catgacccac agttgccacc tgcccagcgg 1140 aacatcttcc tgacagaatg ccactttgtg gagctgaccg aagatatagg tccccaattc 1200 ccatgtcagt catccatgca caactctcac ctcccaacag ccctctctag tgaacagatg 1260 tcaagaacaa actatcaaag cttccacttt aacaaaacct gaattctttc agagctgatc 1320 tctcctctat gcctcaaaac ttca 1344 2 415 PRT Human 2 Met Ser Gly Met Glu Lys Leu Gln Asn Ala Ser Trp Ile Tyr Gln Gln 1 5 10 15 Lys Leu Glu Asp Pro Phe Gln Lys His Leu Asn Ser Thr Glu Glu Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Ala Phe Leu Cys Gly Pro Arg Arg Ser His Phe Phe Leu Pro Val 35 40 45 Ser Val Val Tyr Val Pro Ile Phe Val Val Gly Val Ile Gly Asn Val 50 55 60 Leu Val Cys Leu Val Ile Leu Gln His Gln Ala Met Lys Thr Pro Thr 65 70 75 80 Asn Tyr Tyr Leu Phe Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Asp Leu Leu Val Leu Leu 85 90 95 Leu Gly Met Pro Leu Glu Val Tyr Glu Met Trp Arg Asn Tyr Pro Phe 100 105 110 Leu Phe Gly Pro Val Gly Cys Tyr Phe Lys Thr Ala Leu Phe Glu Thr 115 120 125 Val Cys Phe Ala Ser Ile Leu Ser Ile Thr Thr Val Ser Val Glu Arg 130 135 140 Tyr Val Ala Ile Leu His Pro Phe Arg Ala Lys Leu Gln Ser Thr Arg 145 150 155 160 Arg Arg Ala Leu Arg Ile Leu Gly Ile Val Trp Gly Phe Ser Val Leu 165 170 175 Phe Ser Leu Pro Asn Thr Ser Ile His Gly Ile Lys Phe His Tyr Phe 180 185 190 Pro Asn Gly Ser Leu Val Pro Gly Ser Ala Thr Cys Thr Val Ile Lys 195 200 205 Pro Met Trp Ile Tyr Asn Phe Ile Ile Gln Val Thr Ser Phe Leu Phe 210 215 220 Tyr Leu Leu Pro Met Thr Val Ile Ser Val Leu Tyr Tyr Leu Met Ala 225 230 235 240 Leu Arg Leu Lys Lys Asp Lys Ser Leu Glu Ala Asp Glu Gly Asn Ala 245 250 255 Asn Ile Gln Arg Pro Cys Arg Lys Ser Val Asn Lys Met Leu Phe Val 260 265 270 Leu Val Leu Val Phe Ala Ile Cys Trp Ala Pro Phe His Ile Asp Arg 275 280 285 Leu Phe Phe Ser Phe Val Glu Glu Trp Ser Glu Ser Leu Ala Ala Val 290 295 300 Phe Asn Leu Val His Val Val Ser Gly Val Phe Phe Tyr Leu Ser Ser 305 310 315 320 Ala Val Asn Pro Ile Ile Tyr Asn Leu Leu Ser Arg Arg Phe Gln Ala 325 330 335 Ala Phe Gln Asn Val Ile Ser Ser Phe His Lys Gln Trp His Ser Gln 340 345 350 His Asp Pro Gln Leu Pro Pro Ala Gln Arg Asn Ile Phe Leu Thr Glu 355 360 365 Cys His Phe Val Glu Leu Thr Glu Asp Ile Gly Pro Gln Phe Pro Cys 370 375 380 Gln Ser Ser Met His Asn Ser His Leu Pro Thr Ala Leu Ser Ser Glu 385 390 395 400 Gln Met Ser Arg Thr Asn Tyr Gln Ser Phe His Phe Asn Lys Thr 405 410 415 3 1344 DNA Human 3 ggctcagctt gaaacagagc ctcgtaccag gggaggctca ggccttggat tttaatgtca 60 gggatggaaa aacttcagaa tgcttcctgg atctaccagc agaaactaga agatccattc 120 cagaaacacc tgaacagcac cgaggagtat ctggccttcc tctgcggacc tcggcgcagc 180 cacttcttcc tccccgtgtc tgtggtgtat gtgccaattt ttgtggtggg ggtcattggc 240 aatgtcctgg tgtgcctggt gattctgcag caccaggcta tgaagacgcc caccaactac 300 tacctcttca gcctggcggt ctctgacctc ctggtcctgc tccttggaat gcccctggag 360 gtctatgaga tgtggcgcaa ctaccctttc ttgttcgggc ccgtgggctg ctacttcaag 420 acggccctct ttgagaccgt gtgcttcgcc tccatcctca gcatcaccac cgtcagcgtg 480 gagcgctacg tggccatcct acacccgttc cgcgccaaac tgcagagcac ccggcgccgg 540 gccctcagga tcctcggcat cgtctggggc ttctccgtgc tcttctccct gcccaacacc 600 agcatccatg gcatcaagtt ccactacttc cccaatgggt ccctggtccc aggttcggcc 660 acctgtacgg tcatcaagcc catgtggatc tacaatttca tcatccaggt cacctccttc 720 ctattctacc tcctccccat gactgtcatc agtgtcctct actacctcat ggcactcaga 780 ctaaagaaag acaaatctct tgaggcagat gaagggaatg caaatattca aagaccctgc 840 agaaaatcag tcaacaagat gctgtttgtc ttggtcttag tgtttgctat ctgttgggcc 900 ccgttccaca ttgaccgact cttcttcagc tttgtggagg agtggagtga atccctggct 960 gctgtgttca acctcgtcca tgtggtgtca ggtgtcttct tctacctgag ctcagctgtc 1020 aaccccatta tctataacct actgtctcgc cgcttccagg cagcattcca gaatgtgatc 1080 tcttctttcc acaaacagtg gcactcccag catgacccac agttgccacc tgcccagcgg 1140 aacatcttcc tgacagaatg ccactttgtg gagctgaccg aagatatagg tccccaattc 1200 ccatgtcagt catccatgca caactctcac ctcccaacag ccctctctag tgaacagatg 1260 tcaagaacaa actatcaaag cttccacttt aacaaaacct gaattctttc agagctgatc 1320 tctcctctat gcctcaaaac ttca 1344 4 402 PRT Human 4 Met Ser Gly Met Glu Lys Leu Gln Asn Ala Ser Trp Ile Tyr Gln Gln 1 5 10 15 Lys Leu Glu Asp Pro Phe Gln Lys His Leu Asn Ser Thr Glu Glu Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Ala Phe Leu Cys Gly Pro Arg Arg Ser His Phe Phe Leu Pro Val 35 40 45 Ser Val Val Tyr Val Pro Ile Phe Val Val Gly Val Ile Gly Asn Val 50 55 60 Leu Val Cys Leu Val Ile Leu Gln His Gln Ala Met Lys Thr Pro Thr 65 70 75 80 Asn Tyr Tyr Leu Phe Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Asp Leu Leu Val Leu Leu 85 90 95 Leu Gly Met Pro Leu Glu Val Tyr Glu Met Trp Arg Asn Tyr Pro Phe 100 105 110 Leu Phe Gly Pro Val Gly Cys Tyr Phe Lys Thr Ala Leu Phe Glu Thr 115 120 125 Val Cys Phe Ala Ser Ile Leu Ser Ile Thr Thr Val Ser Val Glu Arg 130 135 140 Tyr Val Ala Ile Leu His Pro Phe Arg Ala Lys Leu Gln Ser Thr Arg 145 150 155 160 Arg Arg Ala Leu Arg Ile Leu Gly Ile Val Trp Gly Phe Ser Val Leu 165 170 175 Phe Ser Leu Pro Asn Thr Ser Ile His Gly Ile Lys Phe His Tyr Phe 180 185 190 Pro Asn Gly Ser Leu Val Pro Gly Ser Ala Thr Cys Thr Val Ile Lys 195 200 205 Pro Met Trp Ile Tyr Asn Phe Ile Ile Gln Val Thr Ser Phe Leu Phe 210 215 220 Tyr Leu Leu Pro Met Thr Val Ile Ser Val Leu Tyr Tyr Leu Met Ala 225 230 235 240 Leu Arg Leu Lys Lys Asp Lys Ser Leu Glu Ala Asp Glu Gly Asn Ala 245 250 255 Asn Ile Gln Arg Pro Cys Arg Lys Ser Val Asn Lys Met Leu Phe Val 260 265 270 Leu Val Leu Val Phe Ala Ile Cys Trp Ala Pro Phe His Ile Asp Arg 275 280 285 Leu Phe Phe Ser Phe Val Glu Glu Trp Ser Glu Ser Leu Ala Ala Val 290 295 300 Phe Asn Leu Val His Val Val Ser Gly Val Phe Phe Tyr Leu Ser Ser 305 310 315 320 Ala Val Asn Pro Ile Ile Tyr Asn Leu Leu Ser Arg Arg Phe Gln Ala 325 330 335 Ala Phe Gln Asn Val Ile Ser Ser Phe His Lys Gln Trp His Ser Gln 340 345 350 His Asp Pro Gln Leu Pro Pro Ala Gln Arg Asn Ile Phe Leu Thr Glu 355 360 365 Cys His Phe Val Glu Leu Thr Glu Asp Ile Gly Pro Gln Phe Pro Cys 370 375 380 Gln Ser Ser Met His Asn Ser His Leu Pro Thr Ala Leu Ser Ser Glu 385 390 395 400 Gln Met 5 1188 DNA Rattus 5 atgggaaaac ttgaaaatgc ttcctggatc cacgatccac tcatgaagta cttgaacagc 60 acagaggagt acttggccca cctgtgtgga cccaagcgca gtgacctatc ccttccggtg 120 tctgtggcct atgcgctgat cttcctggtg ggggtaatgg gcaatcttct ggtgtgcatg 180 gtgattgtcc gacatcagac tttgaagaca cccaccaact actatctctt cagcttggca 240 gtctcagatc tgctggtcct gctcttgggg atgcctctgg aaatctacga gatgtggcac 300 aattaccctt tcctgttcgg gcctgtggga tgctacttca agacagccct cttcgagact 360 gtgtgctttg cctccattct cagtgtcacc acggttagcg tagagcgcta tgtggccatt 420 gtccaccctt tccgagccaa gctggagagc acgcggcgac gggccctcag gatcctcagc 480 ctagtctgga gcttctctgt ggtcttttct ttgcccaata ccagcatcca tggcatcaag 540 ttccagcact ttcccaacgg gtcctccgta cctggctcag ccacctgcac agtcaccaaa 600 cccatgtggg tgtataactt gatcatccaa gctaccagct tcctcttcta catcctccca 660 atgaccctca tcagcgtcct ctactacctc atggggctca ggctgaagag agatgaatcc 720 cttgaggcga acaaagtggc tgtgaatatt cacagaccct ctagaaagtc agtcaccaag 780 atgctgtttg tcttggtcct cgtgtttgcc atctgctgga cccccttcca tgtggaccgg 840 ctcttcttca gctttgtgga agagtggaca gagtccctgg ctgctgtgtt caacctcatc 900 catgtggtat caggtgtctt cttttatctg agctccgcgg tcaaccccat tatctataac 960 ctcctgtctc ggcgcttccg ggcggccttt cgaaatgttg tctcccctac ctgcaaatgg 1020 tgccatcccc ggcatcggcc acagggacct ccagcccaga agatcatctt cttgacagaa 1080 tgtcacctcg tggagctgac agaggatgca ggcccccagt tccctggtca gtcatccatc 1140 cacaacacca accttaccac ggccccctgt gcaggagagg taccataa 1188 6 395 PRT Rattus 6 Met Gly Lys Leu Glu Asn Ala Ser Trp Ile His Asp Pro Leu Met Lys 1 5 10 15 Tyr Leu Asn Ser Thr Glu Glu Tyr Leu Ala His Leu Cys Gly Pro Lys 20 25 30 Arg Ser Asp Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Ser Val Ala Tyr Ala Leu Ile Phe 35 40 45 Leu Val Gly Val Met Gly Asn Leu Leu Val Cys Met Val Ile Val Arg 50 55 60 His Gln Thr Leu Lys Thr Pro Thr Asn Tyr Tyr Leu Phe Ser Leu Ala 65 70 75 80 Val Ser Asp Leu Leu Val Leu Leu Leu Gly Met Pro Leu Glu Ile Tyr 85 90 95 Glu Met Trp His Asn Tyr Pro Phe Leu Phe Gly Pro Val Gly Cys Tyr 100 105 110 Phe Lys Thr Ala Leu Phe Glu Thr Val Cys Phe Ala Ser Ile Leu Ser 115 120 125 Val Thr Thr Val Ser Val Glu Arg Tyr Val Ala Ile Val His Pro Phe 130 135 140 Arg Ala Lys Leu Glu Ser Thr Arg Arg Arg Ala Leu Arg Ile Leu Ser 145 150 155 160 Leu Val Trp Ser Phe Ser Val Val Phe Ser Leu Pro Asn Thr Ser Ile 165 170 175 His Gly Ile Lys Phe Gln His Phe Pro Asn Gly Ser Ser Val Pro Gly 180 185 190 Ser Ala Thr Cys Thr Val Thr Lys Pro Met Trp Val Tyr Asn Leu Ile 195 200 205 Ile Gln Ala Thr Ser Phe Leu Phe Tyr Ile Leu Pro Met Thr Leu Ile 210 215 220 Ser Val Leu Tyr Tyr Leu Met Gly Leu Arg Leu Lys Arg Asp Glu Ser 225 230 235 240 Leu Glu Ala Asn Lys Val Ala Val Asn Ile His Arg Pro Ser Arg Lys 245 250 255 Ser Val Thr Lys Met Leu Phe Val Leu Val Leu Val Phe Ala Ile Cys 260 265 270 Trp Thr Pro Phe His Val Asp Arg Leu Phe Phe Ser Phe Val Glu Glu 275 280 285 Trp Thr Glu Ser Leu Ala Ala Val Phe Asn Leu Ile His Val Val Ser 290 295 300 Gly Val Phe Phe Tyr Leu Ser Ser Ala Val Asn Pro Ile Ile Tyr Asn 305 310 315 320 Leu Leu Ser Arg Arg Phe Arg Ala Ala Phe Arg Asn Val Val Ser Pro 325 330 335 Thr Cys Lys Trp Cys His Pro Arg His Arg Pro Gln Gly Pro Pro Ala 340 345 350 Gln Lys Ile Ile Phe Leu Thr Glu Cys His Leu Val Glu Leu Thr Glu 355 360 365 Asp Ala Gly Pro Gln Phe Pro Gly Gln Ser Ser Ile His Asn Thr Asn 370 375 380 Leu Thr Thr Ala Pro Cys Ala Gly Glu Val Pro 385 390 395 7 1188 DNA Rattus 7 atgggaaaac ttgaaaatgc ttcctggatc cacgatccac tcatgaagta cttgaacagc 60 acagaggagt acttggccca cctgtgtgga cccaagcgca gtgacctatc ccttccggtg 120 tctgtggcct atgcgctgat cttcctggtg ggggtaatgg gcaatcttct ggtgtgcatg 180 gtgattgtcc gacatcagac tttgaagaca cccaccaact actatctctt cagcttggca 240 gtctcagatc tgctggtcct gctcttgggg atgcctctgg aaatctacga gatgtggcac 300 aattaccctt tcctgttcgg gcctgtggga tgctacttca agacagccct cttcgagact 360 gtgtgctttg cctccattct cagtgtcacc acggttagcg tagagcgcta tgtggccatt 420 gtccaccctt tccgagccaa gctggagagc acgcggcgac gggccctcag gatcctcagc 480 ctagtctgga gcttctctgt ggtcttttct ttgcccaata ccagcatcca tggcatcaag 540 ttccagcact ttcccaacgg gtcctccgta cctggctcag ccacctgcac agtcaccaaa 600 cccatgtggg tgtataactt gatcatccaa gctaccagct tcctcttcta catcctccca 660 atgaccctca tcagcgtcct ctactacctc atggggctca ggctgaagag agatgaatcc 720 cttgaggcga acaaagtggc tgtgaatatt cacagaccct ctagaaagtc agtcaccaag 780 atgctgtttg tcttggtcct cgtgtttgcc atctgctgga cccccttcca tgtggaccgg 840 ctcttcttca gctttgtgga agagtggaca gagtccctgg ctgctgtgtt caacctcatc 900 catgtggtat caggtgtctt cttttatctg agctccgcgg tcaaccccat tatctataac 960 ctcctgtctc ggcgcttccg ggcggccttt cgaaatgttg tctcccctac ctgcaaatgg 1020 tgccatcccc ggcatcggcc acagggacct ccagcccaga agatcatctt cttgacagaa 1080 tgtcacctcg tggagctgac agaggatgca ggcccccagt tccctggtca gtcatccatc 1140 cacaacacca accttaccac ggccccctgt gcaggagagg taccataa 1188 8 396 PRT Rattus 8 Met Gly Lys Leu Glu Asn Ala Ser Trp Ile His Asp Pro Leu Met Lys 1 5 10 15 Tyr Leu Asn Ser Thr Glu Glu Tyr Leu Ala His Leu Cys Gly Pro Lys 20 25 30 Arg Ser Asp Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Ser Val Ala Tyr Ala Leu Ile Phe 35 40 45 Leu Val Gly Val Met Gly Asn Leu Leu Val Cys Met Val Ile Val Arg 50 55 60 His Gln Thr Leu Lys Thr Pro Thr Asn Tyr Tyr Leu Phe Ser Leu Ala 65 70 75 80 Val Ser Asp Leu Leu Val Leu Leu Leu Gly Met Pro Leu Glu Ile Tyr 85 90 95 Glu Met Trp His Asn Tyr Pro Phe Leu Phe Gly Pro Val Gly Cys Tyr 100 105 110 Phe Lys Thr Ala Leu Phe Glu Thr Val Cys Phe Ala Ser Ile Leu Ser 115 120 125 Val Thr Thr Val Ser Val Glu Arg Tyr Val Ala Ile Val His Pro Phe 130 135 140 Arg Ala Lys Leu Glu Ser Thr Arg Arg Arg Ala Leu Arg Ile Leu Ser 145 150 155 160 Leu Val Trp Ser Phe Ser Val Val Phe Ser Leu Pro Asn Thr Ser Ile 165 170 175 His Gly Ile Lys Phe Gln His Phe Pro Asn Gly Ser Ser Val Pro Gly 180 185 190 Ser Ala Thr Cys Thr Val Thr Lys Pro Met Trp Val Tyr Asn Leu Ile 195 200 205 Ile Gln Ala Thr Ser Phe Leu Phe Tyr Ile Leu Pro Met Thr Leu Ile 210 215 220 Ser Val Leu Tyr Tyr Leu Met Gly Leu Arg Leu Lys Arg Asp Glu Ser 225 230 235 240 Leu Glu Ala Asn Lys Val Ala Val Asn Ile His Arg Pro Ser Arg Lys 245 250 255 Ser Val Thr Lys Met Leu Phe Val Leu Val Leu Val Phe Ala Ile Cys 260 265 270 Trp Thr Pro Phe His Val Asp Arg Leu Phe Phe Ser Phe Val Glu Glu 275 280 285 Trp Thr Glu Ser Leu Ala Ala Val Phe Asn Leu Ile His Val Val Ser 290 295 300 Gly Val Phe Phe Tyr Leu Ser Ser Ala Val Asn Pro Ile Ile Tyr Asn 305 310 315 320 Leu Leu Ser Arg Arg Phe Arg Ala Ala Phe Arg Asn Val Val Ser Pro 325 330 335 Thr Cys Lys Trp Cys His Pro Arg His Arg Pro Gln Gly Pro Pro Ala 340 345 350 Gln Lys Ile Ile Phe Leu Thr Glu Cys His Leu Val Glu Leu Thr Glu 355 360 365 Asp Ala Gly Pro Gln Phe Pro Gly Gln Ser Ser Ile His Asn Thr Asn 370 375 380 Leu Thr Thr Ala Pro Cys Ala Gly Glu Val Pro Glu 385 390 395 9 25 PRT Human 9 Phe Arg Val Asp Glu Glu Phe Gln Ser Pro Phe Ala Ser Gln Ser Arg 1 5 10 15 Gly Tyr Phe Leu Phe Arg Pro Arg Asn 20 25 10 23 PRT Rat 10 Tyr Lys Val Asn Glu Tyr Gln Gly Pro Val Ala Pro Ser Gly Gly Phe 1 5 10 15 Phe Leu Phe Arg Pro Arg Asn 20 11 25 PRT Pig 11 Phe Lys Val Asp Glu Glu Phe Gln Gly Pro Ile Ala Ser Gln Val Arg 1 5 10 15 Arg Tyr Phe Leu Phe Arg Pro Arg Asn 20 25 12 8 PRT Pig 12 Tyr Phe Leu Phe Arg Pro Arg Asn 1 5 13 19 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR probe 13 gaaacagagc ctcgtacca 19 14 33 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR probe 14 agtcggatcc aattcaggtt ttgttaaagt gga 33 15 20 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR probe 15 ttcagcctgg cngtntcnga 20 16 21 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR probe 16 gctgaggatn gangcraarc a 21 17 45 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR probe 17 aggaaagggt aattgtgcca catctcgtag atttccagag gcatc 45 18 43 DNA Artificial Sequence PCR probe 18 cacagtctcg aagagggctg tcttgaagta gcatcccaca ggc 43 19 45 DNA Artificial Sequence Probe 19 ttctggtggt aatctttgag gcgatattgg cgtacctctg caagc 45 

What is claimed is
 1. A neuromedin U receptor, designated NMUR2, free from associated proteins and comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ. ID. NO. 2 or SEQ. ID. NO.
 6. 2. A method to identify compounds which modulate the feeding activity of a mammal comprising: (a) contacting the compound an a NMUR2 receptor; and (b) determining if the activity of the NMR2 receptor is modulated.
 3. A method according to claim 2 wherein step (b) is a qualitative determination.
 4. A method according to claim 2 wherein step (b) is a quantitative determination.
 5. A method according to claim 2 further comprising comparing results obtained in step (b) to results obtained using a control.
 6. A method according to claim 2 wherein step (b) comprises: measuring transcription or translation of a reporter gene whose transcription is modulated as a result of binding of the compound to the NMR2 receptor and its resultant activation.
 7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the reporter gene is selected from the group consisting of: β-galactosidase, luciferase, aequolorin, and CAT.
 8. A method according to claim 2 wherein the NMUR2 is a recombinant NMUR2 in a mammalian host cell or cell line.
 9. A method according to claim 2 wherein step (b) comprises measuring changes of intracellular calcium concentration.
 10. A method of identifying compounds which modulate feeding behavior in an individual comprising: a) contacting the compound and a NMUR2; and b) determining if binding of the compound and NMUR2 occurs.
 11. A method according to claim 10 wherein the compound is labeled.
 12. A method according to claim 10 wherein the NMUR2 is labeled.
 13. A nucleic acid encoding a NMUR2 protein.
 14. A nucleic acid according to claim 13 which is DNA.
 15. A nucleic acid according to claim 14 which is cDNA.
 16. A nucleic acid which encodes the protein shown in SEQ. ID. NO. 2 or SEQ. ID. NO.
 6. 17. A nucleic acid according to claim 16 which is DNA.
 18. A nucleic acid according to claim 13 which is present in a vector.
 19. A nucleic acid according to claim 13 which is present in a plasmid.
 20. A nucleic acid according to claim 18 which is present in a host cell.
 21. A nucleic acid according to claim 19 which is present in a host cell.
 22. A nucleic acid according to claim 20 wherein the host cell is a human cell.
 23. A nucleic acid according to claim 21 wherein the host cell is a human cell.
 24. An isolated polypeptide which is SEQ. ID. NO. 2 or
 6. 25. An isolated polypeptide comprising an extracellular domain of the polypeptide of SEQ. ID. NO. 2 or
 6. 26. A hybrid receptor molecule comprising an extracellular domain of the polypeptide of a NMUR2 receptor and at least one other domain which is heterologous. 